امنیت

تعریف انگلیسی

Based on the "Expectancy Theory of Interaction", the expectation of each individual from themselves or others is influenced by three fundamental psychological needs: "security", "uniqueness", and "progress". Expectations from oneself or others based on these three fundamental needs refer to the tranquility of differentiation and progress, indicating mental peace. Anything that contributes to maintaining this stability ensures mental tranquility, while anything that destabilizes stability makes the individual restless and uneasy. Therefore, restlessness beyond mental peace is dependent on factors such as attachment security, recreation, companionship, support, acceptance, cooperation, encouragement, respect, and guidance, which help to alleviate restlessness and achieve mental tranquility.

The need for security is common among intellectuals. The impact of these three needs is interactive, and all three needs play a role in avoiding expectations. Expectation in life (from oneself or others) is based on these three psychological needs, and satisfaction and contentment with life depend on the extent to which the individual's needs for "security, uniqueness, and progress" are fulfilled in terms of quality and quantity.

Source: "Emotional Thinking" book

Expectation and anticipation are almost synonymous in terms of vocabulary. Expectation refers to anticipation and anticipation for the occurrence of something. There are three meanings for anticipation: anticipation, anticipation, and concern. Both words refer to doing something in the future; however, the conceptual scope of expectation and anticipation is rooted in cognitive, attitudinal, evaluative, dispositional, motivational, and personality dimensions. If we have an expectation from an individual or a phenomenon, it means that this expectation is based on the characteristics of the mentioned psychological system. Therefore, by examining an individual's expectation regarding a particular matter, one can obtain a general picture of the psychological foundations, roots, and even the aforementioned dimensions. Expectations come in various forms: self-expectations, family expectations, educational expectations, social expectations, and professional expectations. Socially strong roles are primarily formed based on self-expectations. It seems that among the five formative dimensions of expectation, motivational and cognitive foundations have a significant share. These foundations provide the grounds for the formation of evaluative, attitudinal, and dispositional systems. Expectation in its process line originates from the need, and the need, in interaction with the features of temperament, cognitive ability, feelings, and attachment, shapes "expectation." Therefore, expectation is the product of emotional inclination, attitudinal and evaluative system, and the basis of motivation. It is in this way that behavior arises; this behavior is figuratively called excitement. Thus, expectations reflect one's abilities; they indicate personality traits, signify one's specific needs, determine one's thought patterns, reveal one's feelings and perceptions, and manifest the type of connections and relationships one has; hence, they identify one's personal identity. How one behaves is influenced by their expectations. Expectation, as mentioned, interactively, is the product of an individual's psychological system. On the other hand, life satisfaction depends on meeting expectations and anticipations; meaning, expectations from oneself and others form the basis of satisfaction, and unrealistic expectations from oneself or others may lead to various psychological disorders. It is evident that life satisfaction plays a significant role in mental health and well-being; therefore, reviewing and improving expectations is the starting point for contentment.

Realms of Expectation:

Expectations of oneself and/or others fall into three realms:

A) Mental tranquility:

Mental tranquility refers to the stability of the psychological system. Anything that preserves this stability brings mental peace, and anything that undermines it makes the individual restless, or more accurately, agitated. Therefore, agitation is beyond mental tranquility. Factors such as persistence, attachment, recreation, companionship, support, acceptance, cooperation, encouragement, respect, and guidance contribute to alleviating agitation and achieving mental tranquility.

B) Uniqueness:

Uniqueness implies reaching a deserving and dignified position in one's life. Any origin such as meaning, success, immortality, self-knowledge, environmental awareness, freedom, independence, and autonomy that leads to uniqueness falls into this realm. Discovering and realizing innate capacities is not a simple matter. Here, individual realization means a broader self-blossoming. The axis of uniqueness is self-discovery.

C) Progress:

One of the important and vital expectations of human life is to realize that one is always progressing. Progress means moving forward or advancing in life. Perfectionism and excellence are two prominent examples of progress. Perfectionism means continuous and relentless elimination of existential flaws, while excellence emphasizes reaching the highest position in life. Discontent with personal imperfections propels individuals towards self-improvement. In addition to the two prominent examples mentioned, environmental influence, nurturing, self-actualization, and dynamism are expectations that fall into this realm. Life satisfaction undoubtedly lies at the core of mental health, and satisfaction with life is based on meeting one's expectations of life. According to the interactional theory of expectation, each individual's expectation of oneself and others is influenced by three fundamental psychological needs: security, uniqueness, and progress, and this influence is interactive; meaning that all three needs play a role interactively in shaping expectations. Therefore, expectation in life from oneself and/or others is the product of interactive fulfillment of three psychological needs, and consequently, contentment and life satisfaction depend on how well and to what extent the needs for security, uniqueness, and progress are fulfilled. Thus, life satisfaction is based on fulfilling these three expectations of life, which is achieved through purity. Satisfaction with life depends on the interactive fulfillment of these three expectations. That is, these three expectations, in a balanced and harmonious relationship, lead to life satisfaction. Whenever an individual enjoys mental tranquility in their life, finds themselves in their deserved position, and constantly progresses in this position, undoubtedly they are satisfied with their life, and their mental health is ensured. All the mentioned expectations are established in the concept of "purity". Therefore, the concept of purity is located at the core and nucleus of mental health. Consequently, mental health is affected by various factors that are interconnected. An interactional psychologist does not merely rely on one even fundamental factor in achieving mental health; rather, they are involved in all factors. Because in the achievement of mental health, the roots of temperament, social, behavioral, and cognitive factors are involved, and if mental health is compromised, all factors that may have affected these roots are examined by an interactional psychologist. Interaction of fundamental needs may yield various patterns that attention to them paves the way for achieving satisfaction with life.

The credibility of each model depends on how well it fulfills the fundamental psychological needs. Research and analysis have so far yielded two fundamental models that have considerable credibility:

The need and satisfaction of life, security, and life satisfaction have been poured into a new perspective in psychotherapy based on specific theoretical principles that emphasize the essential unity of existence, human cognition, value system, and purity of temperament. Existence and cognition do not precede each other; rather, they are two interpretations of the same truth. Existence is cognition and cognition is existence.

Explaining that existence of any phenomenon means what gives stability to that phenomenon, and cognition means understanding the truth of each phenomenon, and truth means what gives stability to a phenomenon. So, the unity of existence and cognition means understanding the stability of each phenomenon. Therefore, truth is understood as the stability of the unity of existence and cognition.

On the other hand, existence is not inherent in its essence, but its strength and stability are derived from human beings. Human beings are at the juncture of existence and cognition. In fact, the united bond of existence and cognition has been realized in human existence. With the centrality of human beings, the unity of existence and cognition is achieved, so, in other words, the stability of the united existence and cognition belongs to humans.

Pure temperament encompasses values; meaning values are inherent and have a place in pure temperament. This purity enlightens and cognition serves as the enlightenment of truth in pure temperament. Thus, cognition is based on a value system, and pure temperament has a place in the essence of human creation.

In summary, all that has been stated is a unified truth based on rights, composed of human beings, existence, pure cognition, temperament, and values. In addition, human beings as an immutable truth can become the origin of transformation for any other phenomenon, indeed, the entirety of existence, and humans are responsible for these transformations, we remember this principle as responsible transformation.

Overall, we have ten important expectations in life:

1- Stability: Navigation in life without feeling lost, being on a path of growth without feeling stagnant, having health without concern for survival, and feeling useful and satisfied with personal work without comparison with others or envy.

2- Dignity: Beliefs based on individual spirituality are respected, and expected encouragement in a way that one does not feel alone during difficulties.

3- Self-fulfillment: Achieving progress in success without relying on others in life.

4- Excellence: Individual dynamism and purposeful efficiency to be the best, so that others value the individual's perspectives.

5- Individuality: Having sufficient freedom and personal independence along with striving for self-knowledge and good knowledge of others, which leads to influencing others.

6- Support: Feeling comfortable due to having a mentor in life, suitable companionship, cooperation from others, support during difficulties, and acceptance of the environment.

7- Righteousness: Feeling pride and mental peace based on achieving a meaningful life that leads to satisfaction with life.

8- Excellence: Feeling successful by attaining a worthy position in life and feeling progress in life by reaching the top rank with excellent opportunities, which brings satisfaction from personal fame.

9- Spirituality: Meaning that spirituality in one's life is deeply rooted, adheres to religious values, and observes spiritual values.

10- Influence: Happiness from influencing others, joy from nurturing, affection from people in life, and eternalization.

Except for expectations that involve values, the remaining expectations have both positive and negative dimensions. For example, being the best in excellence has a negative aspect in that one must be the best version of oneself, not the best version of others. In self-fulfillment, not feeling dependent on others in life is also a negative aspect of this expectation. In dignity, it depends on who we expect encouragement from and...

Based on the interactive nature of expectations, various patterns related to the mentioned fundamental needs can be discerned to reduce mental restlessness through achieving satisfaction in life. Accordingly, satisfaction with life is defined as follows: Feeling of contentment and mental peace arising from an individual's receipt of support from a mentor and spirituality for righteousness in the face of difficulties and benefiting from suitable companionship, respect, and cooperation from others. It includes sufficient independence and freedom, which, by establishing oneself in a worthy position, plays a dynamic, influential, and competitive role in the environment. The components of life satisfaction fall into one of two major domains of balance and dignity: A) The domain of balance: This domain includes six components: stability, excellence, support, individuality, influence, and spirituality. B) The domain of dignity: This domain includes four components: dignity, righteousness, self-fulfillment, and excellence.

Expectations, when combined, can have a significant impact on us. For example, emotional regulation and emotional resilience lead to righteousness, excellence, and mental stability, which in turn reduces anxiety and depression. Emotional resilience leads to stability, dignity, and self-fulfillment, and emotional regulation leads to excellence, individuality, support, and righteousness. Excellence, dignity, righteousness, stability, and individuality lead to reduced depression. Additionally, stability, righteousness, excellence, support, and self-fulfillment reduce anxiety. Excellence, righteousness, and self-fulfillment are the most predicted based on personality traits. The theoretical and research expansion of emotion-focused on the scope of mental health has led to the elaboration of the concept of emotional balance. This concept has emerged in the interaction between emotion-focused theory and the theory of interactive personality and the nature of interactive expectations. An examination of the interactive nature of emotional balance yields the understanding that a sense of mental peace based on spirituality in life, without feeling loneliness and melancholy, which gives the individual a sense of permanence in life, leads to balanced behavior. Thus, mental balance is primarily a sense, secondly a guide to permanence and survival, thirdly based on mental peace, and fourthly based on spirituality. In fact, the first expectation of an individual from life, which leads to satisfaction and happiness, is achieving mental peace that provides permanence. Based on this, mental balance is composed of seven fundamental principles: 1. Feeling of permanence in life 2. Feeling of mental peace in life 3. Behavioral balance 4. Not feeling lonely 5. Not feeling melancholic 6. Emotional resilience 7. Spirituality.

Undoubtedly, survival is the most important issue for humans. Feeling lonely, estranged from spirituality, and behavioral imbalance endanger human survival. The notion of balance is stable around the axis of mental survival.

Behavioral balance is a personality trait in the component of restlessness and closeness to spirituality is a significant expectation in life satisfaction. Feeling lonely is a feature of mental restlessness in the realm of emotional reflection. Therefore, the triple characteristics of emotional reflection achievement, interactive nature of personality, and interactive expectation theory are attributed.