۳۳. چشم انداز آینده
ضرورت بررسی روانشناختی تعاملی
چنان که ذکر شد، «نظام سهگانهٔ تیزهوشی» به وجود قلمرو وسیعتری اشاره میکند که این گستره به طریق اولی، مقولهٔ «استعداد» را نیز پدیدهای متعامل میداند.
سیر توجّه به خلّاقیّت در تاریخ مطالعات نیز همانند بسیاری از مفاهیم روانشناختی از عنصر گرایی آغاز شده است. در ابتدا دامنهٔ شناختی این مفهوم نظیر تیزهوشی مورد توجّه قرار گرفت و تا دهها سال ادامه یافت. امّا بر پایهٔ بررسیهای متّخذ از مصاحبههای بالینی و مشاوره ای ریشه دار و ژرف متمرکز بر تک بررسیها ناگزیر به دامنههای غیر شناختی نیز کم و بیش توجّه شد و پژوهشها به دامنههای گستردهٔ مزبور تعمیم یافت.
باید بیان داشت حتّی افزودن دامنههای غیر شناختی نیز در دریافت ماهیّت خلاقیّت کفایت نمیکند؛ از آن روی که درک هر پدیدهٔ روانشناختی مستلزم بررسی تعاملی است.
نظریّهٔ «هیجان اندیشه» به مثابهٔ یک دستاورد استوار و مستحکم در قلمرو «روانشناسی تعاملی» باب تازه ای در همه جانبه نگری درهم پیچیده و هم آویخته خلّاقیّت گشوده است و ناگزیر باید ویژگیهای سرشتی، عاطفی، کنشی، شناختی و اجتماعی خلّاقیّت در یک بافت هماهنگ و منسجم مورد بررسی قرار گیرد.
از این رو، «مکتب تعاملی روانشناسی» گستره و پهنهای نو برای مفهوم پردازیها و نظریه پردازیهایی است که در آیندهٔ نزدیک و دور، بروز خواهند یافت و جملگی بر «ماهیّت تعاملی تیزهوشی، خلّاقیّت، استعداد و هوش» مانند هر پدیدهٔ دیگر روانشناختی تأکید خواهند ورزید.
آنچه پیرامون هوش، استعداد، خلّاقیّت و تیزهوشی بیان شد، در بارهٔ هر پدیدهٔ روانی صادق است. به بیان دیگر، هر پدیدهٔ روانی برایند یک نظام تعاملیِ هماهنگ مرکّب از توانش (شناختی و غیره نظیر هوش)، کنش، شخصیّت، نگرش، انگیزش و بدن(اساس زیستی) است. پنج حیطهٔ مزبور در یک پویایی تعاملیِ هماهنگ منجرّ به پدیدآیی، شکل گیری و بروز یک پدیده روانی میشوند. در توضیح نکتهٔ فوق بیان میشود که مثلاً، پا به پای افزایش هوش، با استقلال کنشی، تفرّد (به مثابهٔ یک ویژگی شخصیّتی)، خودباوری مثبت، موضع درونی نظارت و انگیزهٔ درونی رویاروییم.
نمیتوان به بهانهٔ «دقّت» در کاوش و مطالعهٔ یک پدیدهٔ روانی، از عوامل نظام یافته در بروزش غفلت کرد و آنها را نادیده انگاشت و صرف نظر از خاستگاهها و ملازمات، «نمونه برداری» کرد و با دید تنگ نظرانه به کاوش آن نمونه پرداخت و سپس آن «نمونهٔ برش یافته» را مجدّدا در ترکیب نظام یافته اش جای داد و پنداشت که حقیقت و ماهیّت آن پدیده شناخته شده است. بررسی آن پدیده، قطع نظر از عوامل مزبور، فریبنده، گمراه کننده و ابهام آلود خواهد بود.
پژوهشها بر مبنای ضوابط قراردادی اش دچار تعارضند؛ از یک طرف بررسی «دقیق» مستلزم جداسازی آن «برش» از زمینه و بستر طبیعی اش است و از دیگر سو، دریافت و فهم آن پدیده، مقتضی بررسی و تحلیل در نظام یافتگی طبیعی اش است.
لذا ریشهٔ تعارض دستاوردها و سردرگمی پژوهشگران در استنباطها را باید در ضوابط تنگ و فریبنده ای جست که روش تحقیق کنونی آنها را به طور قراردادی پذیرفته است.
در نتیجه بررسیهای جزء نگرانه و عنصرگرایانه در قلمرو روانشناسی دچار بن بست شده اند و دوران بررسیهای مزبور کم و بیش به سر رسیده است.
بنابراین واکاوی عنصر گرایانه و جزءنگرانهٔ پدیدههای روانی، پیامدی مبهم، لغزش آلود و بی پایه از ماهیّت و چیستی آنها به دست خواهد داد. به دیگر بیان، روشنگری از پدیدههای یاد شده در گرو بررسی و کاوش همه جانبه و تعاملی آنهاست.
امروز اعتبار پژوهشهای روانشناختی در بررسی چند عاملی هر پدیده ای است. به اندازه ای که عوامل اساسی در پدیدآیی هر مفهوم روانشناختی مورد توجّه قرار گیرد، آن بررسی و کاوش به همان اندازه از اعتبار و قوام و استواری بهره دارد.
«روانشناسی تعاملی» چنان که بیان شد، به مجموعهٔ مبانی نظری و دستاوردهای تحقیقاتی اشاره دارد که برای آشکاری ماهیّت هر پدیدهٔ روانی صرفاً آن را در تعامل با نظام روانی بررسی میکنند. نظام روانی، به معنای یکپارچگی هماهنگ حیطههای شخصیّتی، عاطفی، شناختی، نگرشی، کنشی (و زیستی) است. در گسترهٔ این نظام، هر پدیده و یا مفهوم روانشناختی، هویّت مییابد.
تعامل بنیادهای روانشناختی در یکدیگر، منشأ پدیدآیی و شکل گیری و بروز هر پدیدهٔ متفاوت روانشناختی است و در سطح گسترده تر و ژرفتر، «فردیّت» را رقم میزند. از این رو، فردیّت برایند یک فرایند تعاملی پیچیده، ژرف و پی در پی متأثّر از بنیادهای روانشناختی است که مشتمل بر پایهها و ریشههایی است.
«سرشت»، «نیاز»، «توانایی»، «احساس»، «اندیشه»، «پیوند» و «کنش»، پایههای تفرّد را تشکیل میدهند و ریشههای تعدیلی اشاره به «تحوّل سنّی»، «جنسیّت»، «فرهنگ»، «طبقهٔ اجتماعی و اقتصادی» و «اقلیمْ زیستی» دارد. تعامل این پایهها و ریشهها، تفرّد را پدید میآورد.
توضیح آن که در بررسی هر پدیدهٔ روانشناختی وجود «عامل» یا «عوامل» امری بدیهی تلقّی میشود در واقع هیچ پدیدهٔ روانشناختی را نمیتوان از عامل یا عوامل مؤثّرش مستقلّ و منفکّ پنداشت؛ از آن روی که دریافت ماهیّت و حقیقت هر پدیدهٔ روانی به ریشهها، سرچشمهها و خاستگاههایی بستگی دارد که در یک نظام تعاملی و درهم آویخته آن را پی ریزی نموده، شکل میدهند.
بی تردید مطالعات و تحقیقات آینده در کشف قلمروها، تواناییهای بنیادین و زمینههای تازه و نیز توجّه به تأثیر تعاملی دقیقتر نظام روانشناختی (خصایص شخصیّتی، انگیزشی، نگرشی، شناختی، کنشی و زیستی) و ویژگیهای جنسیّتی، تحوّلی، محیطی (فرهنگی، اجتماعی، اقلیمی و ...) در پدیدآیی و شکل گیری هر پدیدهٔ روانی، قوام و استواری بیشتری به «روانشناسی تعاملی» خواهد بخشید.
از این رو، آیندهٔ مطالعات در این عرصه مانند بسیاری از پدیدههای روانی متعلّق به مطالعات تعاملی گسترده تر و ژرفتر است.
«تعامل» تقریباً در همهٔ عرصههای بنیادین و کاربردی نقش دارد: روانشناسی محض، تشخیص، بهداشت، مشاوره و درمان و آموزش و پرورش
چنین استلزامی در ابتدا مقتضی بهره گیری از مطالعات فراتحلیلی و ترکیب پژوهی است که زمینه را برای ارایهٔ انگارهها فراهم کند و پر واضح است که انگاره پردازی چیرگیهای بین رشته ای را میطلبد.
در نتیجه آیندهٔ روانشناسی از آنِ دانشمندانی است که بر پایهٔ چیرگیهای علمی فراتخصّصی خویش و با پرهیز از ساده انگاری پدیدههای روانی، یک چشم انداز تعاملی را در کاوش حقیقت پدیدههای روانی در پیش میگیرند.
این امر صرفاً یک برجستگی شرافت آمیز نیست؛ بلکه ضرورتی اجتناب ناپذیر قلمداد میشود.
منابع
ارشادیمنش، سودابه(1387) مجلّهٔ علوم روانشناختی، دورهٔ هفتم، شمارهٔ 27، 359-373
پیاژه، ژان (ترجمهٔ محمود منصور و پریرخ دادستان، 1375) تربیّت ره به کجا میسپرد؟ مؤسّسهٔ انتشارات و چاپ دانشگاه تهران، صفحات14و15، 29-31، 198-199، 206، 209، 211
پیرخائفی، علی رضا (1372) بررسی رابطهٔ هوش و خلّاقیت در بین دانشآموزان پسر مقطع دوم نظری دبیرستانهای شهر تهران، پایان نامه (کارشناسی ارشد)، دانشگاه علّامهٔ طباطبایی.
دادستان، پریرخ (1372) هوش و خلّاقیّت، مجلّهٔ استعدادهای درخشان، سال دوم، شمارهٔ 2 صفحات 6-16
شریفی، حسنپاشا (1383) رابطهٔ خلّاقیّت و ویژگیهای شخصیّتی دانشآموزان دبیرستانهای تهران، نوآوریهای آموزشی، صفحات 11-31
عابدی، جمال(1372) خلّاقیّت و شیوه ای نو در اندازه گیری آن، پژوهشهای روانشناختی، دورهٔ 2 شمارهٔ 1و2 صفحات 46-54
کاظمی حقیقی، ناصرالدّین (1371) کلّیاتی از روانشناسی تیزهوش، مجلّهٔ استعدادهای درخشان، سال اوّل، شمارهٔ 1 صفحات 55_86
کاظمی حقیقی، ناصرالدّین (1389)بررسی رابطهٔ هوش و واکنشهای هیجانی با جلوههای خلّاقیّت در دانشآموزان تیزهوش (رسالهٔ دکتری)، علوم و تحقیقات، 42- 57، 150 -181
کاظمی حقیقی، ناصرالدّین (1393) روان شناسی کودکان تیزهوش و روشهای آموزش ویژه، انتشارات تابان خرد، تهران، صفحات 39_41
کاظمی حقیقی، ناصرالّدین(1394) مکتب تعاملی استعداد و تیزهوشی: چشم اندازی نو در مبانی؛ نظام سهگانهٔ تیزهوشی، مجلّهٔ بین المللی استعداد، سال اوّل شمارهٔ اوّل صفحات 3-9
کاظمی حقیقی، ناصرالدّین؛ فرزاد، ولی الله؛ خوشخلق، ایرج؛ یزدانیپژوه، مریم(1389) بررسی مبانی نظری نخبگی(به سفارش شورای عالی آموزش و پرورش) پژوهشگاه مطالعات آموزش و پرورش، صفحات164 و 206
منصور، محمود (1372) گسترهٔ کنونی خلّاقیّت، مجلّهٔ استعدادهای درخشان، سال دوم، شمارهٔ 2 صفحات117- 125
منصور، محمود (1380) ساخت، پدیدآیی و تحوّل شخصیّت، (مای لی و ربرتو) مؤسّسه چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، صفحات90-98، 114-115 و 156-166
منصور، محمود (1385) روانشناسی ژنتیک: تحوّل روانی از کودکی تا پیری، انتشارات سمت، تهران، قسمت دوم(فصل اوّل)
منصور، محمود و دادستان، پریرخ (1371) روانشناسی ژنتیک 2: از روانتحلیلگری تا رفتارشناسی، انتشارات ژرف، تهران، صفحات124-127، 136-137، 211 – 232، 248-250
منصور، محمود و دادستان، پریرخ (1374) دیدگاه پیاژه در گسترهٔ تحوّل روانی، مؤسّسهٔ انتشارات بعثت، تهران، صفحات43-57، 113 - 129
منصور، محمود و دادستان، پریرخ (1375الف) شناخت شناسی ژنتیک (در مجموعهٔ تربیّت ره به کجا میسپرد؟)، مؤسّسهٔ انتشارات و چاپ دانشگاه تهران، 152-156
منصور، محمود و دادستان، پریرخ (1375ب) یادگیری بر اساس روانشناسی ژنتیک (در مجموعهٔ تربیّت ره به کجا میسپرد؟)، مؤسّسهٔ انتشارات و چاپ دانشگاه تهران، 166-171و209
Abinun, Joseph. (1981). Creativity and education: Some critical remarks. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 15 (1) , pp. 17-29.
Albert, Robert S.(1996)Some Reasons Why Childhood Creativity Often Fails to Make It Past Puberty into the Real World.New Directions for Child Development, n72 p43-56
Aliotti, Nicholas C (1979). Educational Stimulation, Creativity, Intelligence and School Readiness in Young Children.
Amabile, Teresa M. (1997). Entrepreneurial creativity through motivational synergy. Journal of Creative Behavior, 31 (1), pp. 18-26.
Amabile, Teresa M.; Gryskiewicz, Stanley S. (1988). Creative resources in the R&D laboratory: How environment and personality affect innovation. In Robert L. Kuhn (Ed.), Handbook for creative and innovative managers (pp. 501-524). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Annarella, Lorie A.(2000) Using Creative Drama in the Writing and Reading Process
Arnone, Marilyn P.(2003). Using Instructional Design Strategies To Foster Curiosity
Bachtold, Louise M. (1980). Psychoticism and creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 14 (4), pp. 242-248.
Bachtold, Louise M.; Werner, E. (1973). Personality characteristics of creative woman. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 36, PP. 311-319.
Baer, John (2015) Importance of Domain-Specific Expertise in Creativity, Roeper Review, v37 n3 p165-178
Barron, Frank X. (1955). The disposition towards originality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51 , 478-485.
Basadur, Min; Wakabayashi, Mitsuru; Graen, George B. (1990). Individual problem-solving styles and attitudes toward divergent thinking before and after training. Creativity Research Journal, 3(1), 22-32.
Behrens, Roy R. (1974) On Creativity and Humor: An Analysis of EASY STREET. Journal of Creative Behavior, 8, 4, 227-38.
Bashaw, W. L.; White, William F.(1971) Figural Creativity and Convergent Thinking among Culturally Deprived Kindergarten Children.
Behrens, Roy R. (1974) On Creativity and Humor: An Analysis of EASY STREET. Journal of Creative Behavior, 8, 4, 227-38.
Bloomberg, Morton. (1971). Creativity as Related to Field Independence and MobilityJournal of Genetic Psychology, 118, 1, 3-12.
Bouchard, Thomas J. (1972). Training, motivation, and personality as determinants of the effectiveness of brainstorming groups and individuals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56 (4), pp. 324-331.
Bouchard, Thomas, Jr.; Hur, Yoon-Mi. (1998). Genetic and environmental influences on the continuous scales of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: An analysis of twins reared apart. Journal of Personality, 66(2), 135-149.
Bournelli, Pagona ; Makri, Anastasia & Kostas Mylonasb )2009 (Motor Creativity and Self-Concept, Creativity Research Journal Volume 21, Issue 1, pages 104-110
Brockmeyer, Gretchen A. (1987). Creativity in Movement.Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, v6 n3 p310-19.
Brodzinsky, David M.; Rubien, Janet (1976) Humor Production as a Function of Sex of Subject, Creativity, and Cartoon Content.
Bruhn, John G.; Bunce, Harvey, III; Greaser, Robert C. (1969). A comparison of 'real' vs.’ideal' self with a self-actualization inventory. Journal of Psychology, 53 (3), pp. 159-164.
Bruininks, Robert H.; Feldman, David H.(1970). Creativity, Intelligence, and Achievement Among Disadvantaged Children. Psychol Sch, 7(3), 260-264.
Bull, Kay S.; Montgomery, Diane; Baloche, Lynda (1995). Teaching creativity at the college level: A synthesis of curricular components perceived as important by instructors. Creativity Research Journal, 8(1), PP. 83-89.
Burma, John H. (1946).Humor as a technique in race conflict. American Sociological Review , 11, pp.710-715.
Callaway, Webster R. (1969). A Holistic Conception of Creativity and Its Relationship to IntelligenceGifted Child Quart, 13(4), 237-41.
Carson, David K. (1999). Counseling. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 1 A - H (pp. 395-402). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Cecil, Lisa Mack et al (1985) Curiosity-Exploration-Play-Creativity: The Early Childhood Mosaic. Early Child Development and Care, 19(3), 199-217.
Chang, Chi-Cheng; Peng, Li-Pei; Lin, Ju-Sen; Liang, Chaoyun) 2015) Predicting the Creativity of Design Majors Based on the Interaction of Diverse Personality Traits, Innovations in Education and Teaching International, v52 n4 p371-382
Child, Irvin L. (1965). Personality correlates of esthetic judgment in college students. Journal of Personality, 33, pp. 476-511.
Clapham, Maria M. (2004). The Convergent Validity of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and Creativity Interest InventoriesEducational and Psychological Measurement, 64(5), 828-841.
Cohen, Leonora M.(1988) Developing Children's Creativity, Thinking, and Interests. Strategies for the District, School, and Classroom. OSSC Bulletin, v31 n7.
Colangelo , Nicholas (2003). Counseling Gifted and Talented Students NEAG CENTER
Cole, Henry P.; Sarnoff, David. (1980). Creativity and Counseling.Personnel and Guidance Journal, v59 n3 p140-46.
Conti, Regina; Amabile, Theresa. (1999). Motivation/Drive. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 2 I - Z, Indexes (pp. 251-259). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Conti, Regina; Coon, Heather; Amabile, Teresa M. (1996). Evidence to support the componential model of creativity: Secondary analysis of the three studies. Creativity Research Journal, 9(4), 385-389.
Conway, Terry L.; Vickers, Ross R.; French, John R. P., Jr. (1992). An application of person-environment fit theory: Perceived verses desired control. Journal of Social Issues, 48(2), 95-107
Cramond, Bonnie (1994a) The Relationship between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Creativity.
Cramond, Bonnie (1994b) Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Creativity--What Is the Connection?Journal of Creative Behavior, v28 n3 p193-210.
Cramond, Bonnie (1995) The Coincidence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Creativity. Attention Deficit Disorder Research-Based Decision Making Series
Cramond, Bonnie. (2001). Interview with E .Paul Torrance on creativity in the last and next millennia. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 12 (3), pp. 116.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. (1990). The domain of creativity. In mark A. Runco’ Robert S. Albert (Ed.), Theories of creativity (PP. 190-212). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications Incorporated.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. (1996). The creative personality. Psychology Today, 29 (4), pp. 36 - 41.
Custodero, Lori A.)2015) Ubiquitous Creativity, Imagination in Dialogue, and Innovative Practice-in-Action, Teachers College Record, v117 n10
Dacey, John S. (1989). Fundamentals of creative thinking. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Dansby, Virginia S.; Marinelli, Robert P(1999) Adolescent Children of Vietnam Combat Veteran Fathers: A Population at Risk.Journal of Adolescence, v22 n3 p329-40
Davis, Gary A. (1989). Testing for creative potential. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 14 , pp. 257-274.
Davis, Gary A. (1999). Barriers to creativity and creative attitudes. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 1 A - H (pp. 165-174). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Day, H. I.; Langevin, R,(1969).Curiosity and Intelligence: Two Necessary Conditions for a High Level of Creativity.J Spec Educ, 3(3), 263-8.
Dellas, Marie (1971). Effects of Creativity Training, Defensiveness, and Intelligence on Divergent Thinking.
Diamond, Stephen A. (1996). Anger, madness, and the demonic: The psychological genesis of violence, evil, and creativity. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Dodds, Patt. (1978). Creativity in Movement: Models for Analysis.Journal of Creative Behavior, v12 n4 p265-73.
Doherty, William J.; Corsini, David A. (1976). Creativity, Intelligence, and Moral Development in College Women. Journal of Creative Behavior, 10(4), 276-84
Drew, Walter F. (1992) Let's Play with Our Children! Child Care Information Exchange, 85 , 36-37.
Dudek, Stephanie Z. [Dudek, Staphanie Z.]; Berneche, Rene [BernAche, RenA]; Huguette, Berube [Huguette, BArubA]; Royer, Sylvie. (1991). Personality determinants of the commitment to the profession of art. Creativity Research Journal, 4(4), PP. 367-389.
Dudek, Stephanie Z. [Dudek, StÄphanie Z.]; Cote, Remi. (1994). Problem finding revisited. In Mark A. Runco (Ed.), Problem finding, problem solving and creativity (pp. 130-150). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Dudek, Stephanie Z.; Chamberland-Bouhadana, G. (1984). Primary process in creative persons. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46 (3), pp. 239- 247.
Dudek, Stephanie Z.; Royer, Sylvie. (1991). Personality determinants of the commitment to the profession of art. Creativity Research Journal, 4 (4), pp. 367-389.
Dunbar, Kevin. (1999). Science. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 2I-Z, Indexes (PP. 525-532). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Dunn, Bruce R.; Vancleave, Rebecca; Hynes, Diane (1984). The relation of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to closure speed. Journal of Psychological Type, 8 , 45-47.
Edmunds, Alan L.(1990). Relationships among Adolescent Creativity, Cognitive Development, Intelligence, and Age. Canadian. Journal of Special Education, 6(1),p61-71
Ekvall, Goran [Gِron]. (1972). A study of two creativity tests. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Council for Personnel Administration
Elaldi, Senel; Batdi, Veli )2016) The Effects of Different Applications on Creativity Regarding Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis, Journal of Education and Training Studies, v4 n1 p170
Elder, Linda. (1997). Critical Thinking: The Key to Emotional Intelligence.Journal of Developmental Education, v 21 n1 p 40-41.
Evered, Roger D. (1977). Organizational activism and its relation to 'reality' mental imagery. Human Relations, 30 (4), 311-334.
Ewing, James H.; Gillis, Carol A.; Ebert, John N.; Mathews, Hugh M. (1975). Profile of perceptual-cognitive traits and personality style of possible relevance to creative productivity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 40 (3), pp. 711-718.
Eysenck, Hans J. (1983). The roots of creativity: cognitive ability or pesonality trait. Roeper Review, 5 (4) , pp. 10-12.
Farrell, Edwin. (1976). Let’s suppose Personality interacts with reading instruction methods. Journal of Reading, (N.V), PP. 104-106.
Feist, Gregory J. (1999). Autonomy and independence. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 1A-H (PP. 157-163). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Feldhusen, John F. (1995). Creativity: A knowledge base, metacognitive skills, and personality factors. Journal of Creative Behavior, 29(4), PP. 255-268.
Ferch, Shann R.; St. John, Iris; Reyes, Raymond; Ramsey, Marleen (2006). Person-to-Person Learning: A Form of Creativity in Education. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 45 (2),148.
Fishbein, Elizabeth London(1975)The Effect of Three Patterns of Small Group Assignment in Promoting Critical Thinking, Open-Mindedness, and Creativity in Community College Students.
Follman, John; And Others (1973) Multivariate Analysis of the Relationship between Creativity and Intelligence
Fonseca, Jennifer. (2002). A study of Mother Teresa’s creative problem solving process for social change in the Indian setting. Unpublished masters project, State University of New York College at Buffalo; International Center for Studies in Creativity, Buffalo, NY.
Forisha, Barbara L. (1978). Mental imagery and creativity: Review and speculations. Journal of Mental Imagery, 2(2), PP. 209-238.
Forisha, Barbara L. (1983). Relationship between creativity and mental imagery: A question of cognitive style? In Sheikh, Annes A. (Ed.), Imagery: Current theory, research, and application (pp. 310-339). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Fredette, Barbara W.; Hunter, Adrienne (1993) Identifying the Visually Gifted: A Case Study
Freeman, Joan B. (1978) Children's Response to School Related to Social Class, Attitude, Intelligence and Creativity.CORE: Collected Original Resources in Education, 2 (1), pf12-f16
Fuchs-Beauchamp et al., (1993). Creativity and Intelligence in Preschoolers. Gifted Child Quarterly, 37 (3), 113-17
Gagné, F. (1991). Toward a differentiated model of giftedness and talent. In N. Colangelo and G. A. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of gifted education (pp. 65-80). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Washington
Galbraith, Judy; Wentzel, Katrina. (2001). Sailing on the Winds of Creativity: Recognizing & Supporting Social/Emotional Needs of Creatively Gifted Children. Understanding Our Gifted, v13 n4 p3-6.
Gardner, Howard & Hatch, Thomas (1989). Multiple Intelligences Go To School; Educational Researcher; American Educational Research Association, Vol. 18, No. 8 p. 6
Gautschi, Ted. (2001). Invest in creativity. Design News, 56 (12), pp. 135.
Gedo, John, E. (1996). The artist and the emotional world: Creativity and personality . New York: Columbia University Press.
Gedo, John E. (1997). Psychoanalytic theories of creativity. In Mark A. Runco (Ed.), The creativity research handbook, volume one (PP. 29-40). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
Gelade, Garry. (1997). Creativity in conflict: The personality of the commercial creative. Journal of Genetic Psychology. 158(1), PP. 67-78.Gleason, J. L. (1983). ABCD's of motivating adolescent LD students. Academic Therapy, 19 (1) , pp. 53-55.
Gelade, Garry. (1997). Creativity in conflict: The personality of the commercial creative. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 158 (1), pp. 67-78.
Glicksohn, Joseph; Alon, Ariel; Perlmutter, Ayala; Purisman, Ruth. (2000-2001). Symbolic and synergetic cognition among schizophrenics and visual artists. Creativity Research Journal, 13 (2) , pp. 133-143.
Goldsmith, Ronald E. (1984). Personality characteristics associated with adaption-innovation. Journal of Psychology, 117, PP. 159-165.
Goldsmith, Ronald E. (1985). Sensation seeking and the sensing-intuition scale of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Psychological Reports, 56 (2), 581-582.
Gough, Harrison G. (1976). Studying creativity by means of word association tests. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(3), PP. 348-353.
Gould, Kathryn Lewis(1972). Relationships of Creativity, Reading Comprehension, Intelligence, and Response to a Literature Selection for Fourth Grade Inner-City Children
Gowan, John C. (1978). Creativity and Gifted Child MovementJournal of Creative Behavior, 12, 1, 1-13.
Gratton, Claude. (2001). Critical Thinking and Emotional Well-Being.Inquiry: Critical Thinking across the Disciplines, v20 n3 p39-51.
Graves, Grant O.; Ingersoll, Ralph W.; Evans, Lloyd R. (1967). The creative medical student: A descriptive study. Journal of Creative Behavior, 1 (4), pp. 371-382.
Guilford, J. P. (1979). Some incubated thoughts on incubation. Journal of Creative Behavior, 13 (1), pp. 11-8.
Hakala, Juha T.; Uusikylä, Kari; Järvinen, Esa-Matti .)2015) Neoliberalism, Curriculum Development and Manifestations of "Creativity", Improving Schools, v18 n3 p250-262
Hall. Eleanor G.(1985). Longitudinal measures of creativity and achievement for gifted IQ groups. Creatuve child and Adult Quarterly, 10(1), 7-16
Hattie, John; Rogers, H. Jane (1986). Factor Models for Assessing the Relationship between Creativity and Intelligence.Journal of Educational Psychology, 78 (6), 482-85 .
Hébert Thomas P. & Speirs Neumeister Kristie L. (2002). Fostering the social and emotional development of gifted children through guided viewing of film, Roeper Review. 25(1) 17-21
Heinzen, Thomas E. (1995). Ethical evaluation bias [Special issue: Attributional approach to creativity]. Creativity Research Journal, 8 (4), 417-422.
Helson, Ravenna. (1973). Heroic and tender modes in women authors of fantasy. Journal of Personality, 41 (4), 493-512.
Helson, Ravenna. (1999). A longitudinal study of creative personality in women [Special issue: Longitudinal studies of creativity]. Creativity Research Journal, 12 (2), 89-101.
Herrmann, Ned. (1991). The creative brain. Journal of Creative Behavior, 25 (4), 275-295
Hetrick, Suzanne H.; And Others (1966). Figural Creativity, Intelligence, and Personality in Children: A Factor Analytic Study.
Hill, Rebecca (1992) Finding Creativity for Children
Hinton, Bernard L. (1971). Personality factors and resistance to the effects of frustrations on creative problem-solving performance. Journal of Creative Behavior, 5 (4), pp. 267-269.
Hocevar, Dennis (1980). Intelligence, Divergent Thinking, and Creativity.Intelligence, v4 n1 p25-40
Holguin, Omar; Sherrill, Claudine (1991) On motor creativity, age, and self-concept in young learning disabled boys, Creativity Research Journal, Vol 4(3), 1991, 293-294.
Holmes, Robyn M.; Romeo, Lynn; Ciraola, Stephanie; Grushko, Michelle.)2015) The Relationship between Creativity, Social Play, and Children's Language Abilities, Early Child Development and Care, v185 n7 p1180-1197
Huffman, Lynne C.; Hauser, Stuart T.(1994) Afterword: Reflections and Future Directions.Journal of Research on Adolescence, v4 n4 p657-62.
Huitt, W. G. (1992). Problem solving and decision making: Consideration of individual differences using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Journal of Psychological Type. 24, PP. 33-44.
Hurst, David K.; Rush, James C.; White, Roderick E. (1991). Top management teams and organizational renewal. In Henry, Jane (Ed.), Creative management (PP. 232-235). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications.
Isaksen, Scott G. (1977). The degree of relatedness of four creative personality factors with ideational fluency of intermediate grade children. Unpublished masters thesis, State University College at Buffalo; Interdisciplinary Center for Creative Studies, Buffalo, NY.
Jackson, James Claude (2001) Exploring the Relationship between Schizophrenia, Affective Illness, and Creativity.
Jacobs, John F.; Cunningham, Myron A. (1969) Creativity and Intelligence: Their Relation to Peer Acceptance. JSpec Educ, 3(3), 269-74.
James, Keith; Asmus, Cheryl. (2000-2001). Personality, cognitive skills, and creativity in different life domains. Creativity Research Journal, 13 (2) , pp. 149-159.
Jampote, Ellen S. (1991) Effects of imagery training on the creative writing of academically gifted elementary students. National Reading Conference Yearbook. No 40. 313-318.
Jurcovc, Marta; Zelina, Miron. (1993). Barriers of personality creativization. Studia Psychologica: The Journal of Basic Research in Psychological Sciences, 35(1), PP. 33-40.
Kabanoff, Boris; Bottger, Preston. (1991). Effectiveness of creativity training and its relation to selected personality factors. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 12, pp. 235-248.
Kawenski, Mary. (1991). Encouraging creativity in design. Journal of Creative Behavior, 25 (4), pp. 263-266.
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin (2007a).The hexahedral paradigm of creative personality: "A review of sixty years of literature for the 21st century,” World Council for Gifted and Talented Children, 17th Biennial World Conference.
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin (2007b). The Iranian Experience for Worldwide :Considerations in the 21st century, World Council for Gifted and Talented Children, 17th Biennial World Conference.
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin. (2008a). New Directions in the hexahedral paradigm of creative personality 10th Asia Pacific Conference on Giftedness.
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin. (2008b). Gender differences in relationship between “Emotion of Thought” and creativity among adolescent gifted and talented10th Asia Pacific Conference on Giftedness.
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin. (2008c).Educational Directions in the Hexahedral Paradigm of Creativity, Proceeding of the International Conference on Excellence in Education 2008: Future Minds and Creativity, 250-264
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin. (2008d).Emotion and Creativity among Adolecent Superiors in International Conference on Excellence and Superior Performance in Portugal
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin. (2009).Educational Directions in the Hexahedral Paradigm for Innovation 2nd Annual Forum on e-Learning Excellence in the Middle East 2009: Inspire, Innovate, Initiate & Impact, Dubai, UAE (January 26-29, 2009)
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin (2010) New Directions in the Hexahedral Paradigm of Creativity, the International Centre for Innovation in Education (ICIE), (Greece- 2010)
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin (2011) Intelligence, Giftedness and Creativity, World Council for Gifted and Talented Children, 19th Biennial World Conference, (WCGTC), (Prague - 2011)
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin (2015a).The hexahedral paradigm of creative personality: "A review of sixty years of literature for the 21st century", International Journal of Talent (I.J.T.) 1(1) pp 10-31.
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin. (2015b).Interactive School of Giftedness and Talent (I.S.G.T.): A new theoretical perspective, "Trinary System of Giftedness" Theory, approved for the 21st World Conference in Odense, Denmark in August 2015.
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin, Kazemi Haghighi, Ahmadreza (2014) Economic Creativity Development Turkish Journal of Giftedness and Education, Volume 4, Issue 1, 51-70
Kazemi Haghighi, Nasseroddin, Kazemi Haghighi, Ahmadreza (2015) Commercial Directions in “Spherical Structure of Talent” Theory: Commercial Talent; IRDTE Conference, Brisbane, 2015
Keller, Robert T. (1984). A cross-national validation study toward the development of a selection battery for research and development professional employees. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 31 (4), pp. 162 - 165.
Keller, Robert T.; Holland, Winford E. (1978). Individual characteristics of innovativeness and communication in research and development organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(6), PP. 759-762.
Khatena, Joe (1989). Intelligence and Creativity to Multitalent.
Khire, Usha. (1979). The three gifted: Case studies. Researchd Bulletin, 9(3 & 4), PP. 31-39.
Kim, Kyung Hee (2005).Can Only Intelligent People Be Creative? A Meta-Analysis, Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, v16 n2-3 p57-66.
Kirton, Michael J. (1989). A theory of cognitive style. In Michael J. Kirton (Ed.), Adaptors and innovators: Styles of creativity and problem-solving (pp. 1-36). London: Routledge.
Kitano, Margie. K.; Kirby, Darrell, F.(1986). Gifted education: a comprehensive view. Little, Brown and company. , P. .25-26, 79-80 ,147-166., .201& 239-264.
Kogan, Nathan. (2002). Careers in the performing arts: A psycholigical perspective. Creativity Research Journal, 14 (1) , pp. 1-16.
Kollen, Patsy Phillips (1984) Creativity and Critical Thinking.ERIC
Konstantinidou, Elisavet; Gregoriadis, Athanasios; Grammatikopoulos, Vasilis; Michalopoulou, Maria (2014) Primary Physical Education Perspective on Creativity: The Nature of Creativity and Creativity Fostering Classroom Environment, Early Child Development and Care, v184 n5 p766-782
Krop, Harry (1969). Effects of Extrinsic Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, and Intelligence on Creativity: A Factorial Approach. J Gen Psychol, 80, 259-66.
Kuhn, Robert L. (1985). Personality and innovation: How creativity types think and act. In Robert L. Kuhn (Ed.), Frontiers in creative and innovative management (pp. 163-168). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company.
Kuo, You-yuh; Paschal, Billy J. (1974). Emotional Factors in Fluent and Elaborative Thinking. Child Study Journal Monographs, 1,2,3,4,5,&6, 68-75, 74.
Kurtzberg, Terri R.; Amabile, Teresa M. (2001). From Guilford to creative synergy: Opening the black box of team-level creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 13(3 and 4), PP. 285-294.
Laasonen, Raimo J.(1997) An Educational Stance on Relationships of Cognitive Organization, Affective States, Reasoning, Creativity, and Customary Productivity in Age of 13-16.
Lagattuta, Kristin Hansen; Wellman, Henry M.; Flavell, John H.(1997). Preschoolers' Understanding of the Link between Thinking and Feeling: Cognitive Cuing and Emotional Change.Child Development, v68 n6 p1081-1104.
Lagattuta, Kristin Hansen;Wellman, Henry M.(2001). Thinking about the Past: Early Knowledge about Links between Prior Experience, Thinking, and Emotion.Child Development, v72 n1 p82-102.
Landau, Erika; Maoz, Benjamin. (1978). Creativity and self-actualization in the aging personality. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 32 (1). 117-127.
Lang, R. J.; Ryba, K. A. (1976). The identification of some creative thinking parameters common to the artistic and musical personality. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 46 (11), 267-279.
Lee, Shin-dong; Koh, Woon-jung (2005).Comparing the relation of intelligence, creativity, and academic achievement between high-intelligence and high-creativity group
Lemke, Cheryl ( 2002) enGauge 21st Century Skills: Digital Literacies for a Digital Age
Lett, W.R.; Williams, A.J.; Poole, M.E. (1979). The achievement drive and ego strength of highly creative adolescents. Journal of Psychology, 102 , pp. 263-266.
Levine, Jacob; Redlich, Frederick C. (1955). Failure to understand humor. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 24, pp. 560-572.
Levy jerr. (1983). Highlights of Research on Right and Left Hemispheres of the Brain Educational Leadership, v40 n4 p68.
Lovecky, Deirdre V. (1992). Exploring social and emotional aspects of giftedness in children from. Roeper Review. 15(1), 18-25.
Lovecky, Deirdre V. (2003). Can you hear the flowers sing? Issues for gifted adults, American Counseling Association,SENG
Lubin, Ellen.(1979). Motor Creativity of Preschool Deaf Children.
Lubin, Ellen; Sherrill, Claudine. (1977). Motor Creativity of Preschool Children on the London Trestle Tree Apparatus.
Lubin, Ellen; Sherrill, Claudine. (1980). Motor Creativity of Preschool Deaf Children American Annals of the Deaf, v125 n4 p 460-66.
Lucky, Sharon. (1990). Music--Movement--Make-Believe: The Link between Creativity and Thinking Skills.
Ludowise, Kathleen Duck. (1985). Movement to Music: Ten Activities that Foster reativity.Childhood Education, v62 n1 p40-43.
MacKinnon, Donald W. (1975). IPAR’s contribution to the conceptualization and study of creativity. In Irving A. Taylor; J. W. Getzels (Eds.), Perspectives in creativity (PP. 60-89). Chicago, IL: Aldine Pub. Co.
Maddi, Salvatore R.; Hoover, Marlin; Kobasa, Suzanne C. (1982). High activation and internal orientation as factors in creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 16(4), PP. 250-255.
Magnusson, D.; Backteman, G (1979) Longitudinal Stability of Person Characteristics: Intelligence and Creativity. Applied Psychological Measurement, v2 n4 p 481 -90
Magyari-Beck, Istvan. (1988). New concepts about personal creativity. Creativity and Innovation Management, 1 , pp. 121-126.
Mahon, Noreen E.; Yarcheski, Thomas J.; Yarcheski, Adela. (1996). Loneliness and creativity in adolescents. Psychological Reports, 79 (1) , pp. 51-56.
Marjoribanks, Kevin (1976). Academic Achievement, Intelligence, and Creativity: A Regression Surface AnalysisMultivariate Behavioral Research, 11(1), 105-18.
Martinsen, yvind; Kaufmann, Geir. (1999). Cognitive style and creativity. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 1A-H (PP. 273-282). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Masten, William G. (1989). Creative self-perceptions of Mexican American children. Psychological Reports, 64 (2), 556-558.
Maw, Wallace H.; Maw, Ethel W. (1970) Nature of Creativity in High- and Low-Curiosity Boys. Develop Psychol, 2, 3, 325-329.
McClellan, Joyce A & Conti, Gary, J (2008) Identifying the Multiple of Your Students, Journal of Adult Education, 37(1),13-32
McClelland, David C. (1987). Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. Journal of Creative Behavior, 21 (3), pp. 219-233.
McCord, Kay (2000) Teachers as Learners: Lessons from the Classroom. Tribal College, v11 n4 p18-21.
Meadow, Arnold; Parnes, Sidney J. (1959). Evaluation of training in creative problem solving. Journal of Applied Psychology, 43 (3), pp. 189-194.
Mehr, David G.; Shaver, Phillip R. (1996). Goal structures in creative motivation. Journal of Creative Behavior, 30 (2), pp. 77-104.
Mendaglio ,Sal (2004). Theory of Positive Disintegration: Some implications for teachers of gifted students, SENG
Meyer, Andrea. (1991). Strategies for stimulating innovation in your organization. In Tudor Rickards; Patrick Colemont; Per Groholt [Per Grobolt]: Marjorie Parker; Hans Smeekes (Eds.), Creativity and innovation: Learning from practice (PP. 15-20). Delft, The Netherlands: Innovation Consulting Group TNO.
Midgley, David F.; Dowling, Grahame R. (1978). Innovativeness: The concept and its measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 4(Sept), PP. 229-242.
Miller, Arthur I. (1992). Scientific creativity: A comprehensive study of Henri Poincar and Albert Einstein. Creativity Research Journal, 5 (4), 385-418.
Monks, Franz (1992). Development of gifted children: The issue of identification and progranning. In Franz J. Monks and Willy Peters (Eds) Talent for the Future. (pp. 191-202).Van Gorcum & Comp B.V.
Mudd, Samuel. (1986). Analytic review of research on Kirton Adaption-Innovation nventory (KAI) [MS no. 2775]. Social and Behavioral Sciences Docments, 16(2), PP.
Murdock, Mary C.; Ganim, Rita M.(1993) Creativity and Humor: Integration and Incongruity.Journal of Creative Behavior, v27 n1 p57-70.
Naglieri, Jack A.; Kaufman, James C. (2001). Understanding Intelligence, Giftedness and Creativity Using the PASS Theory. Roeper Review, 23 (3), 151-56.
Nemiro, Jill. (1997). Interpretive artists: A qualitative exploration of the creative process of actors [Special issue: Creativity, art, and artists]. Creativity Research Journal, 10 (2 & 3), pp. 229-239.
Nezu, Arthur M. (1986). Efficacy of a social problem-solving therapy approach for unipolar depression. Journal of consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(2), PP. 196-202
Niaz, Mansoor; De Nunez, Grecia Saud (1991) The Relationship of Mobility-Fixity to Creativity, Formal Reasoning and IntelligenceJournal of Creative Behavior, v25 n3 p205-17.
Niaz, Mansoor; De Nunez, Grecia Saud; De Pineda, Isangela Ruiz. (2000). Academic Performance of High School Students as a Function of Mental Capacity, Cognitive Style, Mobility-Fixity Dimension, and Creativity.Journal of Creative Behavior, v34 n1 p18-29.
Nicholls, John G. (1972). Creativity in the person who will never produce anything original and useful: The concept of creativity as a normally distributed trait. American Psychologist, 27 (8), pp. 717-727.
O’Hara, Linda, A. [O’Hara, Linda, A.]; Sternberg, Robert, J. (1999). Learning styles. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 2I-Z, Indexes (PP. 147-153). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Ochse, R. (1990). Before the gates of excellence: The determinants of creative genius . Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Ogilvie, James. (2000-2001). On self-conceiving: Philosophical Yearnings in a schizophrenic context. Creativity Research Journal, 13 (1) , pp. 87-94.
OHaire, Trula D. [O’Haire, Trula D.]; Marcia, James E. (1980). Some personality characteristics associated with Ananda Marga meditators: a pilot study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 51, PP. 447-452.
Olenchak, F. R. (1994). Talent development: Accommodating the social and emotional needs of secondary gifted/learning disabled students. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 5(3), 40-52.
Olenchak. Richard F (1999). Affective development of gifted students with nontraditional talents Roeper Review. May/Jun 21(4) 293-97
Osaze, Jana D. (1980). The Psychology of Teaching Psychology New Directions for Community Colleges, 8 (3), 83-89
Oxman-Michelli, Wendy (1991). Critical Thinking as Creativity. Resource Publication Series 4(5).
Parnes, Sidney J. (1971). Creativity: Developing human potential. Journal of Creative Behavior, 5 (1), pp. 19-35.
Philipp, Joan A. (1969). Comparison of Motor Creativity with Figural and Verbal Creativity, and Selected Motor Skills Res Quart AAHPER, 40, 1, 163-173.
Poreh, Amir M.; Whitman, Douglas R. (1993-1994). Creative thinking abilities and hemispheric asymmetry in schizotypal college students. Current Psychology, 12 (4) , pp. 344-353.
Powers, robin. (1998). Psychology, pedagogy, and creative expression in a course on evil [Special Issue: Interdisciplinarity, the psychology of art, and creativity]. Creativity Research Journal, 11(1), PP. 61-68.
Prieto, F; Sanchez, F.(2005). Intelligence and creativity, Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 3(3), 21-50
Proudlove, Nathan. (1998). 'Search widely, choose wisley': A proposal for linking judgemental decision-making and creative problem-solving approaches. Creativity and Innovation Management, 7 (2), pp. 73-82.
Puccio, Gerard J.; Talbot, Reginald, J.; Joniak, Andrew J. (1993). Person-environment fit: Using commensurate scales to predict student stress. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 63 (3) , pp. 457-468.
Puccio, Gerard J.; Talbot, Reginald J.; Joniak, Andrew J. (2000). Examining creative performance in the workplace through a person-environment fit model. Journal of Creative Behavior, 34 (4) , pp. 227-247.
Radford, Mike. (2004). Emotion and Creativity. Journal of Aesthetic Education, v38 n1 p53-64.
Redfearn, Joseph; Storr, Anthony. (1992). The exploding self: the creative and destructive nucleus of the personality. Wilmette, Illinois: Chiron Publications.
Reis, S. M., McCoach, D. B. (2002). Underachievement in gifted and talented students with special needs. Exceptionality, 10(2), 113-25.
Reiter-Palmon, Roni; Mumford, Michael; Threlfall, K. Victoria. (1998). Solving everyday problems creatively: The role of problem construction and personality type. Creativity Research Journal, 11 (3), pp. 187-197.
Renner, Vivian; Renner, John C. (1971). Effects of a creativity training program on stimulus preferences. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 33, pp. 872-874.
Renzulli, Joseph S. (1998). The Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness, In Baum, S. M., Reis, S. M., & Maxfield, L. R. (Eds.). (1998). Nurturing the gifts and talents of primary grade students. Mansfield Center, CT: Creative Learning Press.
Richards, Ruth; Kinney, Dennis K. (1990). Mood swings and creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 3 (3), pp. 202-217.
Riegel, Klaus; Riegel, Ruth; Levine, Robert. (1966). An analysis of associative behavior and creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4 (1) , pp. 50-56.
Rindermann, H.; Neubauer, A. C. (2004). Processing Speed, Intelligence, Creativity, and School Performance: Testing of Causal Hypotheses Using Structural Equation Models. Intelligence, 32 (6), 573-589 .
Robyak, James E. (1977). A Revised study skills model: Do some of them practice what they teach?. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 56 (N.V), PP. 171-175
Roy, Debdulah Dutta. (1996). Personality model of fine artists. Creativity Research Journal, 9(4), PP. 391-393.
Rubenson, Daniel L.; Runco, Mark A. (1995). The psychoeconomic view of creative work in groups and organizations. Creativity and Innovation Management, 4 (4), 232-241
Runco, Mark A. (1986). The discriminant validity of gifted children's divergent thinking test scores, Gifted Child Quarterly, 30(2), 78-82.
Runco, Mark A. (1993). Divergent Thinking, Creativity, and Giftedness.Gifted Child Quarterly, 37 (1),16-22.
Runco, Mark A. (1999). Self-Actualization. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 2 I - Z, Indexes (pp. 533-536). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Runco, Mark A.; Albert, Robert S, (1985). The reliability and validity of ideational originality in the divergent thinking of academically gifted and nongifted children. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 45(3), 483-501.
Runco, Mark A.; Albert, Robert S, (1986). The Threshold theory regarding creativity and intelligence: An empirical test with gifted and nongifted children. Creative Child and Adult Quarterly, 11 (4), 212-18 .
Runco, Mark A.; Albert, Robert S. (Eds.). (1990). Theories of creativity. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Runco, Mark A. & Nemiro, Jill. (1994), Problem finding, creativity, and giftedness. Roeper Review. Vol 16(4), 235-241.
Russ, Sandra W. (1999). Emotion/ Affect. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity; Vol. 1A-H(PP. 659-668). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Ryan, Richard M.; Deci, Edward L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55 (1), 68-78.
Sandblom, Philip. (1997). Creativity and disease: How illness affects literature, art and music. New York: Marionboyars Publishers
Sasser-Coen, Jennifer R. (1993). Qualitative changes in creativity in the second half of life: A life-span developmental perspective. Journal of Creative Behavior, 27 (1) , pp. 18-25.
Schaeffer, C. E.; And Others. (1976). Intercorrelations Among Measures of Creativity, Openness To Experience And Sensation Seeking In A College SampleCollege Student Journal, 10, 4, 332-339.
Schempp, Paul G.; Cheffers, John T. F. (1982). Influence of Decision-Making by Elementary Children on Attitudes, Creativity, Motor Skills, and Self-Concept.
Schiever, S. W. (1985). Creative personality characteristics and dimensions of mental functioning in gifted adolescents. Roeper Reviw, 7(1), PP. 223-226.
Schubert, Daniel S. P. (1977). Boredom as an antagonist of creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 11 (4), pp. 233-240.
Schubert, Daniel S. P.; Biondi, A. M. (1977). Creativity and mental health: Part III - creativity and adjustment. Journal of Creative Behavior, 11 (3) , pp. 186-197.
Scipio, William J. (1971). Divergent thinking: A complex function of interacting dimensions of extraversion-introversion and neuroticism-stability. British Journal of Psychology, 62 (4), 545-550.
Shallcross, Doris J. (1981). Stryker, Gestalt and Land: A three-dimensional model toward self-understanding and acceptance and developing creative potential. Journal of Creative Behavior, 15 (3) , pp. 151-157.
Shaw, Geraldine A. (1985). The use of imagery by intelligent and by creative schoolchildren. Journal of General Psychology, 112(2), 153-171.
Shein, Dina (1999). Intelligent Behavior, Art Costa, and the Role of the Library Media Specialist. School Library Media Activities Monthly, 15 (5), 28-30.
Sheldon, Kennon M. (1995). Creativity and self-determination in personality. Creativity Research Journal, 8(1), PP. 25-36.
Sheldon, Kennon M. (1999). Conformity. In Mark A. Runco; Steven r. Pritzker (Eds.), encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 1A-H (PP. 341-346). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Shibles, Warren.(1979) How to Teach Creativity through Humor and Metaphor. A Philospher Looks at Creativity. Creative Child and Adult Quarterly, v4 n4 p243-51 .
Shinner, Nicholas F. (1996). Behavioral implications of adaption-innovation: II. Adaption-innovation and motivation for uniqueness. Social Behavior and Personality, 24(3), PP. 231-234.
Shively, Joe E.; And Others (1971) Effects of Creativity Training Programs and Teacher Influence on Pupil's Creative Thinking Abilities and Related Attitudes.
Silvia, Paul J.)2015) Intelligence and Creativity Are Pretty Similar After All, Educational Psychology Review, v27 n4 p599-606
Simonton, Dean Keith. (1991). Personality correlates of exceptional personal influence: A note on thorndike’s (1950) creators and leaders. Creativity research Journal, 4(1), PP. 67-78.
Simonton, Dean Keith. (1995). Exceptional personal influence: An integrative paradigm [Special issue: Attributional approach to creativity]. Creativity Research Journal, 8 (4), 371-376
Simonton, Dean Keith. (1999). Eminence. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 1 A - H (pp. 547-557). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Skinner, Nicholas F. (1996). Behavioral implications of adaption-innovation: II .Adaption-innovation and motivation for uniqueness. Social Behavior and Personality, 24 (3), 231-234.
Slabbert, Johannes. (1994). Creativity in education revisited: Reflection in aid of progression. Journal of Creative Behavior, 28(1), PP. 60-75.
Smilansky, Jonathan; Halberstadt, Naftali. (1986). Inventors versus problem solvers: An empirical investigation. Journal of Creative Behavior, 20 (3), pp. 183-201.
Smith, Gudmund J. W.; Amner, Gunilla (1997). Creativity and perception. In Mark A. Runco (Ed.), The creativity research handbook, volume one (PP. 67-83). Creskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
Smith, Gudmund J. W.; Carlsson, Ingegerd. (1987). A new creativity test. Journal of Creative Behavior, 21 (1), pp. 7-14.
Soriano de Alencar, Eunice M. L.(1993) Thinking in the Future: The Need to Promote Creativity in the Educational Context.Gifted Education International, v9 n2 p93-96.
Spotts, Nina R. (1972).Divergent Cognitive Styles in Academic Overachievers.
Stafford, Sue P. (1998). Capitalizing on Careabouts to Facilitate Creativity. Creativity and Innovation Management, 7 (3), pp. 159-167.
Stein, Morris I. (1983). The creative process and the synthesis and dissemination of knowledge. In Spencer A. Ward; Linda J. Reed (Eds.), Knowledge, structure and use: Implications for synthesis and interpretation (PP. 365-396). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Sternberg, Robert J. (1988). Mental self-government: A theory of intellectual styles and their development. Human Developement, 3 (4), 197-221.
Sternberg, Robert J. (1989). Three-facet model of Creativity. In Robert J. Sternberg (Ed) The nature of creativity. (pp. 132-138).Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, Robert J. (2001). What Is the Common Thread of Creativity? Its Dialectical Relation to Intelligence and Wisdom.American Psychologist, 56 (4), 360-62
Sternberg, Robert J. and Davidson, Janet E. (1985). Cognitive development in the gifted and talented. In Frances Degen Horowitz & Marion O Brien (Eds) The gifted and talented (37-70). American Psychological Association.
Sternberg, Robert J. & Davidson, Janet E. (2005) Conceptions of Giftedness - Second Edition; Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 147-170
Sternberg, Robert J.; Lubart, Todd I. (1993).Creative Giftedness: A Multivariate Investment Approach. In Donald J Treffinger, Creativity and Giftedness. (pp 141-155) Thousand Oaks, California Corwin Press.
Sternberg, Robert J.; Lubart, Todd I. (1995). Defying the crowd: Cultivating creativity in a culture of conformity. New York: Free Press.
Sternberg, Robert J.; Tardif, Twila Z. (1989). What do we know about creativity? In Robert J. Sternberg (Ed) The nature of creativity. (pp. 429-440).Cambridge University Press
Stohs, Joanne M. (1991). Young adult predictors and midlife outcomes of "starving artists" career: A longitudinal study of male fine artists. Journal of Creative Behavior, 25 (2), pp. 92-105.
Stokes, Patricia D. (1999). Learned variability levels: Implications for creativity [Special issue: Creativity and deviance]. Creativity Research Journal, 12 (1), pp. 37-45.
Strop, J., Goldman, D. (2002). The affective side: Emotional issues of twice exceptional students. Understanding Our Gifted, 14(2), p28-29.
Tannenbaum, A. J. (1992). Early signs of giftedness: Research and commentary. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 15, 104-133.
Taylor, Calvin W. (1989). Various approaches to and definitions of creativity. In Robert J. Sternberg (Ed) The nature of creativity. (p. 118).Cambridge University Press.
Tenopir, Carol (2000) Are You a Super Searcher? Library Journal, v125 n4 p36,38.
Thalbourne, Michael A. (2000). Transliminality and creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 34 (3), pp. 193-202.
Therivel, William A. (1999). Why Mozart and not Salieri [Special Issue: Creativity and Deviance]. Creativity Research Journal, 12 (1), 67-76.
Thurston, Becky, J.; Runco, Mark A. (1999). Flexibility. In Mark A. Runco; Steven R. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity: Vol. 1A-H (PP. 729-731). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Todd. Sally M. & Larson, Ann. (1992), In What ways might statewide advocates for gifted and talented education coordinste and focus their efforts? Gifted Child Quarterly, Vol 36(3), 160-164.
Tolan Stephanie (1999). Dabrowski's Over-excitabilities,Hoagies
Torrance, E. Paul (1989). The nature of creativity as manifest in its testing. In Robert J. Sternberg (Ed) The nature of creativity. (p. 47, 58-65).Cambridge University Press.
Torrance, E. Paul. (1971). some validity studies of two brief screening devices for studying the creative personality. Journal of Creative Behavior, 5 (2), pp. 94-103
Torrance, E. Paul. (1972). Tendency to produce unusual visual perspective as a predictor of creative achievement. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 34 (3), pp. 911-915.
Torrance, E. Paul. (1995). Why fly? A philosophy of creativity, Greenwich, CT: Ablex
Treffinger, Donald J (2004) Creativity and Giftedness. (Introduction to Creativity and Giftedness) Thousand Oaks, California Corwin Press.
Trnova, Eva )2014 ( IBSE and Creativity Development, Science Education International, v25 n1 p8-18 Mar
Tucker, I. F. (1991). Predicting scores on the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator categories. Psychological Reports, 69 (2), pp. 571-576.
Van Hook, Cheryl W.; Tegano, Deborah W. (2002). The relationship between creativity and conformity among preschool children. Journal of Creative Behavior, 36 (1), pp. 1-16.
Waelsch, Salome G. (1994). The development of creativity [Special issue: Creativity and discovery in biomedical sciences]. Creativity Research Journal, 7 (3 & 4), pp. 249-264.
Wakefield, John F. (1985) Towards Creativity: Problem Finding in a Divergent-Thinking Exercise.Child Study Journal, v15 n4 p265-70.
Walberg, Herbert J.; Rasher, Sue P.; Parkerson, Joann (1979). Childhood and eminence. Journal of Creative Behavior, 13(4), PP. 225-231.
Walker, A. Marie; Koestner, Richard; Hum, Andrew. (1995). Personality correlates of depressive style in autobiographies of creative achievers. Journal of Creative Behavior, 29 (2), pp. 75-94.
Wallace, R. Duncan. (1979). The Universal Action Pattern of the Mind and Self: A Unifier and Simplifier for All Forms of Learning.
Wallach, Michael A.(1971). Intelligence Tests, Academic Achievement and CreativityImpact of Science on Society, 21(4), 333-345.
Wang, Joanne Hui-Tzu. (2003). The Effects of a Creative Movement Program on Motor Creativity of Children Ages Three to Five.
Westby, Erik L.; Dawson V.L. (1995). Creativity: Asset or burden in the classroom? Creativity Research Journal, 8 (1), pp. 1-10.
White, Kinnard. (1968). Anxiety, extraversion-introversion, and divergent thinking ability. Journal of Creative Behavior, 2 (2), pp. 119-127.
Willard, Michelle (2006). Humor in the Hands of Seasoned Montessorians, Montessori Life: A Publication of the American Montessori Society, v18 n2 p50-53
Willard-Holt, Colleen (1999). Dual Exceptionalities ,ERIC
Williams, Frank E.(1969) Models for Encouraging Creativity in the Classroom by Integrating Cognitive-Affective Behaviors Educ Technol,9,12,13-7,69.
Woodman, Richard W. (1981) Creativity as a construct in personality theory. Journal of Creative Behavior, 15 (1), 43-66
Yau, Cecilia. (1991) An essential interrelationship: healthy self-esteem and productive creativity.
York, Peter. (2000). Space for creativity. Management Today, (Sept), PP. 103.
Zachopoulou, Evridiki;Trevlas, Efthimios; Konstadinidou, Elisavet. (2006). The Design and Implementation of a Physical Education Program to Promote Children's Creativity in the Early Years International Journal of Early Years Education, v14 n3 p279-294.
Ziv, Avner (1976) Facilitating Effects of Humor on Creativity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 68, 3, 318-22.
Ziv, Avner. (1984). Personality and a sense of humor, New York: Springer Publishing.